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According to Back at the Coalface – Volume 2, working conditions at the mine were poor with dangerous gas and dust levels, and an unstable roof and floor.
Coal was first struck at a depth of 875m in what is still Australia’s deepest mine. Sinking of the first shaft, coined the Birthday Shaft, began in June 1897 and was completed in November 1902.
The mine experienced a horrific accident in 1900 when a bucket lowering six men tipped and five workers fell to their death.
This picture shows two miners taking a break at the Balmain colliery in the early 1900s. The worker on the left is cutting cotton wicks for underground lamps.